Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true number of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are categorized, anticipated to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower plants and since ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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