File:Narcissus jonquilla 3.jpg Wikimedia Commons

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true range of types has varied, depending how they are classified, anticipated to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut plants and since ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the symbol of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or seldom green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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