Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true amount of kinds has varied, depending about how they are categorised, due to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut flowers as ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the image of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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