Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true volume of varieties has varied, depending about how they are labeled, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim bouquets and since ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall flowering.
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