Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true volume of types has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim blossoms so that ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The plant stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or almost never renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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