Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The true range of types has mixed, depending on how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut flowers and since ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or hardly ever green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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