Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower flowers so that as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the image of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The bouquets, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or almost never green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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