Sunday, May 15, 2011

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true amount of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash blossoms as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the sign of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that yank it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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