Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The amount of types has assorted, depending about how they are classified, thanks to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim plants and as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blooms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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