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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are labeled, anticipated to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim flowers and since ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the sign of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as extra tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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