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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop flowers and as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the sign of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall flowering.

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