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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The amount of types has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice plants and as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or almost never green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that draw it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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View from 21st floor Narcissus studio Foto di TheRiverSideBangkok

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Narcissus jonquilla Cultivated, at Greifswald Botanical Garden