Narcissus jonquilla simplex

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The true amount of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice blooms so that as ornamental plants in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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