Echo and Narcissus by MissRose185 on DeviantArt

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The true number of varieties has mixed, depending about how they are classified, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower blossoms and since ornamental plants in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.

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