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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has mixed, depending how they are classified, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower blooms so when ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile origins that draw it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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