Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true range of types has mixed, depending on how they are labeled, anticipated to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower blossoms and since ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the symbol of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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