File:Narcissus tazetta.jpg Wikimedia Commons

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending how they are classified, due to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blossoms as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The place stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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