Narcissus amp; Echo by David REVOY 2D CGSociety

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending on how they are categorised, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice bouquets so when ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The plant stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or almost never renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile origins that take it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall months flowering.

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