Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The true volume of kinds has mixed, depending on how they are classified, anticipated to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop blossoms as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the image of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The place stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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Narcissus, Pipit, Daffodil AmaryllidaceaeNarcissusPipitDaffodil.jpg
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Narcissus, Minnow, Daffodil AmaryllidaceaeNarcissusMinnowDaffodil
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