Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true range of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower blossoms and as ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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