Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The amount of varieties has varied, depending on how they are classified, due to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut blooms and as ornamental plants in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or almost never green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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