Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The number of species has mixed, depending about how they are grouped, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice bouquets and as ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the image of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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