Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The true variety of types has assorted, depending on how they are grouped, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower plants so when ornamental plants in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.
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