Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true quantity of types has assorted, depending on how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as trim blossoms so that ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the sign of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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