Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorized, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice plants and as ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as large as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that yank it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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