Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending how they are labeled, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms so that ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as large as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The plant stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that pull it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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