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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending about how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut flowers so that ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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