Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The number of kinds has varied, depending about how they are grouped, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash flowers so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the sign of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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