Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true variety of species has varied, depending on how they are grouped, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash bouquets so that as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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