Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The true number of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice blooms so that ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile origins that take it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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