Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The number of species has varied, depending on how they are grouped, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim bouquets so that ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the sign of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall flowering.
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