Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true amount of kinds has mixed, depending how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut blooms so when ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the sign of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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