Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true variety of types has assorted, depending how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash flowers as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The flower stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall flowering.
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