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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The true amount of species has varied, depending how they are categorised, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut flowers as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

Narcissus , possibly Valerio Cioli

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