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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The number of varieties has mixed, depending about how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower blooms so that ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or almost never inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall flowering.

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