Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending how they are classified, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower flowers and as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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