Edwin Howland Blashfield American, 1848 – 1936

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The amount of species has mixed, depending about how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut plants so that ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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