Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true range of types has mixed, depending on how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop blooms and since ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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