Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The true range of types has varied, depending on how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower blossoms so that ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the sign of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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