Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending how they are categorised, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower bouquets so that ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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