Narcissus In Chains: Anita Blake Vampire Hunter Book 10 By Laurell K

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending about how they are labeled, credited to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop blooms as ornamental crops in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

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