Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The number of types has varied, depending on how they are grouped, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower bouquets so that as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or almost never green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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