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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The number of species has mixed, depending about how they are labeled, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash flowers so that ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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