Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The number of species has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as trim blossoms so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that pull it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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