Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true number of varieties has varied, depending about how they are labeled, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop bouquets so that ornamental plants in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or seldom renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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