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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending on how they are categorised, due to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash bouquets so that ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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