Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true volume of varieties has varied, depending about how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop plants so that ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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