Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true range of species has varied, depending on how they are categorized, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash flowers so that ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The seed stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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