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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true amount of kinds has assorted, depending on how they are categorized, thanks to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower flowers as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.

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