Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The amount of types has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut blossoms and since ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or seldom renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile origins that move it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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